The Uses of Argument

Purpose

Expectations

Relectations and further research

Works Cited

Notes

Temporary Notes

These are from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/establishing_arguments/organizing_your_argument.html. I will want to update these from the original source at some point. Claim: Your main argument. Data (Grounds): Evidence to support your claim. Warrant (Bridge): Explain why or how your data supports the claim. Backing (Foundation): Provide any additional logic or reasoning that may be necessary to support the warrant Counterclaim: cross examine the argument. Rebuttal: what evidence have you presented that makes the counterclaim invalid.

Example:

  • Claim: Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution.
  • Data1: Driving a private car is a typical citizen's most air-polluting activity.
  • Warrant1: Due to the fact that cars are the largest source of private (as opposed to industrial) air pollution, switching to hybrid cars should have an impact on fighting pollution.
  • Data2: Each vehicle produced is going to stay on the road for roughly 12 to 15 years.
  • Warrant2: Cars generally have a long lifespan, meaning that the decision to switch to a hybrid car will make a long-term impact on pollution levels.
  • Data3: Hybrid cars combine a gasoline engine with a battery-powered electic motor
  • Warrant3: The combination of thse technologies produces less pollution.
  • Counterclaim: Instead of focusing on cars, which still encourages an inefficient culture of driving even as it cuts down on pollution, the nation should focus on building and encouraging the use of mass transit systems.
  • Rebuttal: While mass transit is an idea that should be encouraged, it is not feasible in many rural and suburban areas, or for people who must commute to work. Thus, hybrid cars are a better solution for much ot the nation's population.